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CryptoCode technology is based on the algorithms, methods, and implementations we have developed since the early 1990's. We own several US patents on cryptographic hardware and embedded systems, and have our own propriety algorithms for creating secure and efficient implementations of cryptographic algorithms on various platforms, including ARM processors, Xilinx and Altera FPGAs, and in ASIC with VHDL and Verilog coding. Our work appeared in scientific articles or published as technical reports and patents.

Recent Publications

  • S. Hu, S. Ci, D. Guan, and Ç. K. Koç. SOCT: Secure outsourcing computation toolkit using threshold ElGamal algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, to appear, 2025.   pdf
  • S. Ci, S. Hu, D. Guan, and Ç. K. Koç. Privacy-preserving word vectors learning using partially homomorphic encryption. Journal of Information Security and Applications, Volume 89, page 103999, 2025.   pdf
  • S. Liu, Z. Liu, D. Chen, W. Dai, L. Zhou, Z. Liu, R. C. C. Cheung, and Ç. K. Koç. MLFormer: A high performance MPC linear inference framework for transformers. Journal of Cryptographic Engineering, Volume 15, Number 2, pages 1-20, 2025.   pdf
  • P. He, Y. Tu, T. Bao, Ç. K. Koç, and J. Xie. HSPA: High-throughput sparse polynomial multiplication accelerators for code-based post-quantum cryptography. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, Volume 24, Issue 1, pages 1-24, January 2025.   pdf
  • J. Zhang, Y. Yan, J. Huang, and Ç. K. Koç. Optimized software implementation of Keccak, Kyber, and Dilithium on RV{32,64}IM{B}{V}. IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Volume 2025, Number 1, pages 632-655, 2025.   pdf

  • J. Zhang, J. Huang, L. Zhao, D. Chen, and Ç. K. Koç. ENG25519: Faster TLS 1.3 handshake using optimized X25519 and Ed25519. The 33rd USENIX Symposium, Philadelphia, Pensylvania, pages 6381-6398, August 14-16, 2024.   pdf   → USENIX Distinguished Paper Award   → png
  • M. Huang, W. Yuan, D. Guan, M. Lu, and Ç. K. Koç. Guided particle adaptation PSO for feature selection on high-dimensional classification. Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications, 20th International Conference, ICIC 2024, Tianjin, China, pages 14-26, Proceedings, Part I, LNCS 14862, August 5–8, 2024.   pdf
  • P. He, B. Mongirdas, Ç. K. Koç, and J. Xie. LAMP: Efficient Implementation of Lightweight Accelerator for Polynomial Multiplication, from Falcon to RBLWE-ENC. Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GSVLSI), Tampa Bay Area, Florida, pages 210-215, June 12-14, 2024.   pdf
  • J. Xie, P. He, S. C. O. Madrigal, and Ç. K. Koç. SMALL: Scalable Matrix OriginAted Large Integer PoLynomial Multiplication Accelerator for Lattice-based Post-Quantum Cryptography. International Workshop on Arithmetic of Finite Fields (WAIFI), S. Petkova-Nikova and D. Panario, editors, Springer LNCS 15176, Ottawa, Canada, pages 275-292, June 10-12, 2024.   pdf
  • J. Huang, H. Zhao, J. Zhang, W. Dai, Z. Liu, R. C. C. Cheung, Ç. K. Koç, and D. Chen. Yet another Improvement of Plantard Arithmetic for Faster Kyber on Low-end 32-bit IoT Devices. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security, Volume 19, pages 3800-3813, 2024.   pdf   → Guangdong Computer Academy Excellent Paper Award   → png
  • P. He, S. C. Oliva Madrigal, Ç. K. Koç, T. Bao, and J. Xie. CASA: A Compact and Scalable Accelerator for Approximate Homomorphic Encryption. IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Volume 2024, No. 2, pages 451-489, 2024.   pdf
  • J. Huang, A. Adomnicăi, J. Zhang, W. Dai, Y. Liu, R. C. C. Cheung, Ç. K. Koç,and D. Chen. Revisiting Keccak and Dilithium Implementations on ARMv7-M. IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Volume 2024, No. 2, pages 1-24, 2024.   pdf

Milestone Publications

  1. Ç. K. Koç. High-Speed RSA Implementation. TR 201, RSA Laboratories, 73 pages, November 1994.   pdf
  2. Ç. K. Koç. RSA Hardware Implementation. TR 801, RSA Laboratories, 30 pages, April 1996.   pdf
  3. Ç. K. Koç, T. Acar, and B. S. Kaliski Jr. Analyzing and comparing Montgomery multiplication algorithms. IEEE Micro, 16(3):26-33, June 1996.   pdf   scan
  4. Ç. K. Koç and T. Acar. Montgomery multiplication in GF(2^k). Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 14(1):57-69, April 1998.   pdf
  5. A. F. Tenca and Ç. K. Koç. A scalable architecture for Montgomery multiplication. Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Ç. K. Koç and C. Paar, editors, First International Workshop, Worcester, MA, USA, pages 94-108, Springer, LNCS Nr. 1717, August 12-13, 1999.   pdf
  6. M. Stipcevic and Ç. K. Koç. True Random Number Generators. Open Problems in Mathematics and Computational Science, Ç. K. Koç, editor, pages 275-315, Springer, December 2014.   pdf
  7. O. Acıiçmez, J. P. Seifert, and Ç. K. Koç. Predicting secret keys via branch prediction. Topics in Cryptology, The Cryptographers' Track at the RSA Conference, CT-RSA 2007, M. Abe, editor, pages 225-242, Springer, LNCS Nr. 4377, San Francisco, California, February 5-9, 2007.   pdf

Patents

  1. Ç. K. Koç and B. Sunar. Methods and apparatus for multiplication in a Galois field GF(2^m), and encoders and decoders using same. US Patent Nr. 6,343,305. January 29, 2002.   pdf
  2. Ç. K. Koç and A. F. Tenca. A scalable architecture for Montgomery multiplication. US Patent Nr. 7,046,800. May 16, 2006.   pdf
  3. Ç. K. Koç and E. Savaş. Cryptographic methods and apparatus using word-wise Montgomery multiplication. US Patent Nr. 7,050,579. May 23, 2006.   pdf
  4. Ç. K. Koç, T. Yanık, and E. Savaş. Methods and apparatus for incomplete modular arithmetic. US Patent Nr. 7,080,109. July 18, 2006.   pdf
  5. Ç. K. Koç, A. F. Tenca, and G. Todorov. Methods and apparatus for variable radix scalable modular multiplication. US Patent Nr. 7,174,015. February 6, 2007.   pdf
  6. Ç. K. Koç, E. Savaş, and A. F. Tenca. Scalable and unified multiplication methods and apparatus. US Patent Nr. 7,240,204. July 3, 2007.   pdf
  7. Ç. K. Koç and S. S. Erdem. Multiplication of multi-precision numbers having a size of a power of two. US Patent Nr. 7,401,109. July 15, 2008.   pdf
  8. Ç. K. Koç and S. S. Erdem. Lean multiplication of multi-precision numbers over GF(2^m). US Patent Nr. 7,447,310. November 4, 2008.   pdf
  9. Ç. K. Koç. Systems and methods for providing security for computer systems. US Patent Nr. 8,090,934. January 3, 2012.   pdf
  10. G. M. Hammouri, B. Sunar, Ç. K. Koç, and K. Akdemir. Computing-system identifier using software extraction of manufacturing variability. US Patent Nr. 8,694,687. April 8, 2014.   pdf
  11. Ç. K. Koç and G. Saldamlı. Spectral modular arithmetic method and apparatus. US Patent Nr. 8,719,324. May 6, 2014.   pdf
  12. G. Hammouri, B. Sunar, and Ç. K. Koç. Mobile phone aided operations system and method. US Patent Nr. 8,842,827. September 23, 2014.   pdf
  13. M. Hubert, C. Walker, C. Minden, G. Hammouri, and Ç. K. Koç. Systems and methods for authorizing transactions via a digital device. US Patent Nr. 10,013,692. July 3, 2018.   pdf

Books

  1. F. Rodríguez-Henríquez, N. A. Saqib, A. D. Perez, and Ç. K. Koç. Cryptographic Algorithms on Reconfigurable Hardware. Springer, 2007.   URL
  2. Ç. K. Koç, editor. Cryptographic Engineering. Springer, 2009.   URL
  3. Ç. K. Koç, editor. Open Problems in Mathematics and Computational Science. Springer, 2014.   URL
  4. Ç. K. Koç, editor. Cyber-Physical Systems Security. Springer, 2018.   URL
  5. Ç. K. Koç, F. Özdemir, and Z. Ö. Özger. Partially Homomorphic Encryption. Springer, 2021. URL
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